Over
the years, Nigeria was experienced series of attacks, agitations, restiveness
and blests ranging from diverse regions and localities. References are; hostage
thing in the south-south region, the Niger Delta militancy crisis, the Boko
Haram crisis in Northern Nigeria (which is the case study of this research
work) etc. most restiveness of youths has often been done under the puise of a
ring or body, this makes their operational activities fast and broader. All
these group exist in the diverse
regions of the country, and
this includes. popularly known as the „Oduduwa p called the Afenifere group. We
can a known as the „movement for the actua state of biafra”,-east
regionin.theInthe south-
south, we can
find „MEND‟ known as” emancipation of Niger Delta”, while siege of the
Northern part of the country to mention a
few.
Despite the fact that June
10,2000 marked 50 years of oil exploration and production, and over $400billion
accrued to the Nigerian state in terms of
revenue, Nigeria is still referred to as one of the poorest countries in the
world. This often makes us to wonder how much of this revenue actually found
its way into the region where this oil is produced as the areas of investment
in infrastructure or the development of human capital such economic growth is
yet to translate to economic development and an appreciable increase in the
standard of living of the Nigerian masses. Notably, the economic, social and
cultural rights of the people in the Niger-Delta which is the main oil
producing region in the country continues to be unfulfilled, therefore,
increasing and escalating the level of frustration and tension both within and
between communities. This increasing marginalization environmental degradation,
discontentment with the multinational companies, pervasive poverty, perceived
insensitivity on the part of the state and failure of the state to ameliorate
the sufferings of the people, have pushed or rather forced the inhabitants of
the region, specifically the youths to the edge, hence: frustration aggression
emerged. These amongst other perceived
injustice such
as low earnings, have made youths to become very hostile and violent, therefore
creating an atmosphere of fear, chaos and restiveness. This drift to violence
has unleashed a monster that is now a predator to everyone irrespective of
personality. The attacks are so indiscriminate that even babies, the aged, oil
companies and asset pipelines are frequently targeted for attacks and
vandalization.
Having
established a relationship between poverty and youth restiveness, we shall now
take a look at the Boko Haram crisis for a comprehensive understanding of the
research work. Boko Haram as the name connotes, does not have one particular
meanings, it means different this (to different people though it is a religious
cum political sect that aims at imposing sharia law in Nigeria.
Most people though believe
that the means that western education is evil or a sin
Since
its formation in 2002 in Maiduguri by the leader of the sect; Mohammed Yusuf,
Boko Haram has been a thorn in the flesh of the Nigerian masses particularly in
the Northern part of the country, it has also
made the
Nigerian security agencies restless and vulnerable, particularly the police
force, this, some people believe is because of the murder of the leader of the
sect; Mohammed Yusuf who had been in police custody, thus, the birth of jungle
justice.
To
this end, this research no doubt, will critically analyze, study, explain and
research on the three concepts, i.e. poverty, youth restiveness and Boko Haram
in order to create a better understanding in the minds of
this reader on how poverty
can………… l restiveness of youth in Nigeria, using the Boko Haram sect
as a case study.
Finally, this research work contemporaneous and timely, hence it will
contribute to executing knowledge and also help in increasing the frontiers of
knowledge.
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Chapter one: introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2
Statement of the problem
1.3
Objective of the study
1.4
Significance of the study
1.5
Literature review
1.6
Theoretical framework
1.7
Hypothesis
1.8
Methods of data collection and analysis
1.9
Scope and limitations of study
1.10 Definition of terms
Chapter two: background to
poverty and youth restiveness in Nigeria
2.1 The post independence era
2.2
The military era
Chapter three: the implications of the Boko Haram
crisis
on Nigeria‟s corporate
existence
3.1 The implication on national integration
3.2 The implication on economic development
3.3 The
implication on Nigeria‟s fore
Chapter four: strategies to manage the Boko Haram
crisis.
4.1 The military approach
4.2
The legal option
4.3
The dialogue option
Chapter five: summary, conclusion and recommendation
5.1
Summary
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendation
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Over the
years, Nigeria has
experienced series of
attacks and blests in most
parts of the country. The violent agitations by militants in t
So many splinter
groups hide under this body to carry out their nefarious acts of rebellion
against the Nigerian state to express their grievances over the degradations of
their environment through the operation of the multinational oil companies.
Similar groups exist
in other parts of the country and
they include; the “oduduwa people co is located
in the south-west. They are often called the
Afeinifere group. There exists also the “movement
for th actualization of sovereign state- of East while the „Boko Haram” uses
the country as their operational base.
This
research study will critically scrutinize and evaluate the activities of the
latter amongst the afore mentioned political and religious sects, because that
is the thrust of this research. It can be deduced that poverty
and youth restiveness are instrumental to the
incessant
crisis
that has bedeviled
our beloved country
„Nigeria‟
People are said to be poor when they experience
lack of
sufficient
income to purchase material needs which often excludes individuals from
partaking in generally accepted activities of daily life in the society at
large. According to
ALI MASRUI in his „paradox
of retardat the poorest of the regions of the world but it is the most
retarded. He
argued that Africans are richly endowed and as such, they have no reason to be
poor.
Despite
the fact that June 10,2006 marked 50 years of oil exploration and production,
and over $400billion accrued to the Nigerian state in terms of revenue, Nigeria
is still referred to as one of the poorest countries in the world. This often
makes one to wonder how much of this revenue actually found its way into the
region where this oil is produced in the way of investment in infrastructure or
the development of human capital. Such economic growth is yet to be translated
to economic development and an appreciable increase in the standard of living
of the Nigerian masses. The economic, social and cultural
rights of the people in the Niger Delta which is
the main oil producing region in the country, continous to be unrealized
thereby increasing and escalating the level of frustration and tension both
within and between communities. This increasing marginalization, environmental
degradation and the attendant with the multinational oil companies, preserve
poverty, perceived insensitivity on the part of the state and failure of the
state to ameliorate the sufferings of the people, have pushed or rather forced the
inhabitants of the region specifically the youths to the edge.
These amongst other
perceived injustice have made the youths to become very hostile and restless
therefore creating an atmosphere of fear, chaos and tension. This drift to
violence has unleashed a monster that is now a nuisance to everyone
irrespective of personality. The attack are so indiscriminate that even babies,
the aged, oil companies and asset to pipelines are frequently targeted for
attacks and sabotage.
Having
established a relationship between poverty and youth restiveness, we shall now
take a look at the
Boko Haram
crisis for a comprehensive understanding of the research study. Boko Haram as
the name denotes, does not have one particular meaning. The name more or less
connotes different meanings to different people. The group is a Nigerian
Islamic group that seeks the imposition of Shariah group belief (Shariah law)
throughout the whole of Nigeria. Figuratively, members of
this group believe
that “western educ
Presently, the
group has an undefined structure and chain of command. It is of a paramount
importance to note that
the official name of the
group is „ Lidda‟awati-J had‟,Wal whichor rathermeansis tantamount
to “people committed to the prophet‟s teaching and Jihad.
Since its formation in 2002
in Maiduguri by the leader of the group Mohammed Yusuf, the Boko Haram
has been a thorn the flesh ofs, Niger precisely
the police force, over its opposition to western
education that it believes is a sin. In the year
2004, the Islamic fundamentalists group relocated its base to
Ranamma, Yobe state. The
new locat
Afghanistan”, and fromroup setthereabout the
attacking and leaving members of the Nigerian police
lifeless.
In
and interview with BBC in the year 2004, Yusuf
the leader of the group was
quoted as saying that “ war that is yet to start would continue poor a very
long
time. Five years
later i.e. in the year 2009, Yusuf was killed under the police custody in a
violent clash between the Boko Haram and the security forces. Nevertheless, his
demise did not quell the activities of the group he founded, it rather made
them grow more in aggression.
Amongst
the various crisis due to bombings carried out by Boko Haram are;
The Nigeria
sectarian violence in the year 2009.
The
Bauchi prison break 1st Abuja – 2nd Abuja the
northern Nigeria bombings in the year 2011.
The
attack on the police headquarters on June 16, 2011.
The attack
on the ………………….ChurchMadala
(St Theresa) on
the 25th of December 2011 just to mention but a few.
In conclusion, at this
juncture, this research work will critically analyze the three concepts i.e.
poverty, youth restiveness and Boko Haram in order to create a better
understanding in the minds of the readers and more so to contribute to existing
knowledge of literature.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is no longer
news that the activities of the Boko
Haram and other
similar politically religious sects have often led to loss of property, lives
and even the breakdown of law and order, peace and security in the Nigerian
society at large. From the foregoing, it has been observed that a lot of
attacks have been made on so many states which includes even the state capital
(F.C.I)
What
puzzles most observers is that most of these attacks appears not be executed by
suicide bombers, yet the culprits often get away unharmed. This leaves a big
question mark in our security agencies as regards their duty in the protection
of lives and properties, and the procurement of weapons of mass destruction to
combat this menace which is eating deep into the Nigerian society today.
Opinions
are however divided over the propelling force of this group, for instance while
some argue fact. It is in a bid to eradicate these incessant chaos and
destruction which has often led to loss of assets, that we pose a few research
questions in a view of obtaining reasonable and positive answers. Thus:
i.
What is the
relationship between poverty and youth restiveness in Nigeria.
ii.
Does the Boko
Haram crisis pose a threat development and Nigeria‟s corpor
Is military option capable
of lacking the Boko Haram crisis in Nigeria? End of
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