IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON
STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
(A STUDY OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA)
Table of Contents
Title Page II
Declaration III
Certification
Page IV
Dedication V
Acknowledgement VI
Table
of Content VII
List of Table IX
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE; INTRODUCTION |
|
|
1.1 |
Background of the Study |
1 |
1.2 Statement of the Problem |
5 |
|
1.3 |
Objectives of the Study |
5 |
1.4 |
Research Question |
6 |
1.5 |
Scope of the Study |
6 |
1.6 |
Significance of the Study |
6 |
1.7 |
Operational Definition of
Significant Terms |
6 |
CHAPTER TWO; LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 |
Introduction |
7 |
2.2 Review of Concepts |
7 |
|
2.2.1 The Concept of Mass Media |
7 |
|
2.2.2The Concept of Internet |
12 |
|
2.2.3 The Concept of Social Media |
15 |
|
2.2.4 The Concept of Social
Networking Site or Services |
17 |
|
2.3 |
Review of Related Studies |
22 |
2.4 |
Theoretical Framework |
24 |
2.5 Summary |
27 |
|
CHAPTER THREE; METHODOLOGY |
|
|
3.1 |
Introduction |
28 |
3.2 |
Research Design |
28 |
3.3 |
Population of the Study |
28 |
3.4 |
Sampling Technique/ Sampling |
29 |
3.5 |
Description of the Research Instrument |
29 |
3.6 |
Validity of Data Gathering Instrument |
30 |
3.7 |
Method of Data Collection |
30 |
3.8 |
Method of Data Analysis |
31 |
CHAPTER FOUR; DATA PRESENTATION
AND ANALYSIS |
|
|
4.1 |
Introduction |
32 |
4.2 |
Data Presentation and Analysis |
32 |
4.3 |
Discussion of Findings |
33 |
CHAPTER FIVE; SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 |
Introduction |
47 |
5.2 Summary of Findings |
47 |
|
5.3 |
Conclusion |
47 |
5.4 Recommendations |
48 |
|
5.5 |
Suggestion for Further Studies |
48 |
|
Reference |
49 |
|
Appendix A |
53 |
|
Appendix B |
54 |
|
|
Demographic Data Tables |
|
Table 1; Demographic Data on Sex |
32 |
Table 2; Age Distribution |
33 |
Table 3; Department |
33 |
Table 4; Level |
34 |
Table 5; Type of student |
34 |
Table 6; Access to computer, BB
chat and Nokia phone |
35 |
Table7; Access to the internet |
35 |
Table 8; Aware of social
networking site |
36 |
Table 9; What are the social
networking sites you know |
36 |
Table10; Which do you have access
to |
37 |
Table 11; Which do you prefer |
37 |
Table 12; Why do you prefer it |
38 |
Table 13; If not, why |
38 |
Table 14; Where do you browse |
39 |
Table 15; How often do the
student of university of Abuja go online |
40 |
Table 16; How many hours do you spend online |
40 |
Table 16; What do you browse for |
41 |
Table 18; What satisfaction do
you get from surfing the net |
42 |
Table 19; Can social
media influence the academic performance of students 42
Table 20; How does social media influence
your academic performance |
43 |
The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of social media
performance [A study of students of University of Abuja]. To achieve this, the
survey research
method
was used. Subjects were drawn from the University of Abuja, using the simple
random sampling technique and purposive sampling. Four research questions
guided the study. Research findings showed that a great number of students in
University of Abuja, had access to the internet. To this end, the researcher
recommended that sites should be created for educational purposes as well. This
is to create a balance between social networking and academic activities of
students to avoid setbacks in the academic performance of the students.
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the Study
Modern Technology in communication no doubt has turned the entire
world into a “Global Village”. But as it is, technology like two s positive
sides. It helps people to be better informed, enlightened, and keeping abreast
with
world developments.
Technology exposes mankind to a better way of doing things.
The world’s
first commercial space
communicat
Congress
in 1962 was the communication satellite corporation (COMSAT). In 1964, the
United State Government and eleven (11) foreign Nations signed a space
communication pact. The
partnership was
known as “International Telec
The
internet known as the worlds “Information Super eHighway”of Inter- Connected
Computer Networks (Andrew, 2005).
In the
view of Paul (2010, p.301), internet isanetworkingamassive infrastructure which
connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in
which
any computer can communicate with each other as long as they are both connected
to internet. The network consist of local area network (LAN), connecting
computers in the same building while wide area network (WANs) connecting
several LANs in different locations. It connects both private, commercial,
Government and Academic network including a grown number of home computer.
(Retrieved November 3rd 2012) www.webopedia.com/Did you
know/internet/2002/web-vs.-internet-asp).
According to Andrew (2005,overthe internetp.284),througha
variety“Informatiof language known as “Protocols”. The term “inte
networks”,ichimplies thatwhinternet is a network of computer networks. Computer
accepts
data, process it, stores
it and give it out when required. It became possiblefor people to chat
from ‘terminals’
which led to
networkingflow,whilea. A l
Node is
the point where lines intersect transferring resources to new lines.(Retrieved
November 7th 2012) www.glreach.com/globalstates.
History of the Internet
There
are conflicting versions about the origin of the internet but the common story
is that the internet is a product of a cold war. (Hafner and Lyon, 1996,
p.116). Its origin is traced back to
1957, when
the Soviet Union
launchedin1958, the‘Sputnik
United State founded the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), a
special agency under the department of defense whose mission was to develop a
long term highly innovative and hazard research projects (Cartoni and Tarding,
2006, p.26).
In 1962,
the air force wanting to maintain the military’sability to transfer information
around the country even if a given area was destroyed in an
enemy’sattack,commissioned leading computer scientist to do so. ARPANET, the
first prototype of the internet, was developed by the ARPA department and saw
the light in 1969 when four (4) of United States Universities (University of
California Los Angeles, University of California Santa Barbara, Stanford
Research Institute Polo Atto, and University of Utah) were connected by network
of computers (Lorenzo and Stefano,2010).
Leonard Klein rock of UCLA
successfully developed the first computer network through “pack switching” to
the concept of “distributed net the field of computer science, packet switching
is a process that allows division of messages
into
packets and sending them to their destination following different routes, once
they arrive at their destination, they are all recomposed into the original
message. Paul in 1960 developed the concept of distributed network funded by
United States Air force at the research and development corporation (RAND)
which is aimed at developing a telecommunication network which can stand a
nuclear war. (Paul, 1964, p.220-223).
The
growth of ARPANET accelerated in the second half of the 1980s, through computer
protocol (Tcp/lp) Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol which was
adopted by
ARPANET (Vinton, 1969
UCLA) in 1983 and is still
ThethetransitioncoreofTcp/lpof
inte
was
perhaps the most important event that will take place in the invention of the
internet.
After the installation of Tcp, the, 1998,network co p.249).In the same
year, after the end of ARPANETs experimental phase, the network was split
into
two; A civilian network for the computer research community (ARPA internet) and
military network (MILNET). In 1980, ARPANET was replaced by NSFANET created by
National Science Foundation and in 1990, ARPANET was officially decommissioned
and the commercial use of the internet was allowed in 1991, (Berners-Lee, 2000,
p.223).
In 1995,
the internet was just one networking system among many others such as Usenet,
Fido net, Mintel, AT$T, but with advent of the web, the internet became by far
the most important networking system. That led to what is now known as
internet, a global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely,
share and exchange information (Paul, 2010). The younger a person, the greater
the likelihood he or she has access to the internet (Kim, 2004).
Social Network
Early
1990s, chat rooms and bulletin boards were forms of Social Networking in a way,
they help people to connect with others and share interest. A little cater;
dating sites hooked those looking for partners and class mates. Communication
allows people to connect with people they had known in high school and colleges
and enable them to meet others.
In the
early 20s, a site called Friendster was set up where people invited their
friends and their friends also invited others. The site was popular for a
while, but suffered from technical difficulties and fake profiles and began to
lose members. In 1999, MySpace took over but became popular in 2003. Its roots
are a bit muddy because it received financial and logistical support from
another company called the E-Universe and most of the early users were
employers of e-universe but Tom Anderson and Chris DE Wolfe are given credit
for much of the innovation and success of the site, which built up to one
hundred and fifteen million users worldwide. Members post BIOS, photos, blogs,
video and other things that strike their fancy. (Retrieved November 7th2012) www.mudconnect.com.
Some Television
Programmers’startedproducinghadprogrammers’toaironMySpace in 2005; Rupert
Murdoclis News Corporation (parent of fox broadcasting) bought MySpace for five
hundred and eighty million dollars ($580). A competitor to MySpace is face book
which started in about 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg while he was a student at
Harvard and grew rapidly in 2007. At first, face book was solely for college
and high school students but Mark opened it to everyone and like MySpace, it
encourages all types of member postings. There are also smaller social networks
like 2go, YouTube, and blackberry chat for people to have access to. (Retrieved
November 7th2012) www.google.com
2go Logo
2go is a
Social Networking Site, chat, and instant messaging (IM) application. It
enables users to chat on their mobile phones free. You can meet users and 2go
users as friends. Chat rooms on different topics are opened where you can join
in the discussion and socialize with others and also, 2go have gateways that
enable users chat with friends on Gtalk, Mxit, and face book. (Retrieved
November 9th2012) www.
Google.com.wikkipedia. (Research work).
One of
the greatest points of 2go chat is its simplicity and light weight, making it
available to lots of low-end phones. 2go runs on any java enabled phone, Nokia,
LG, Samsung, and Sony Ericson. Blackberry users can use 2go on their Pc as part
of an experimental service by the company and with it, they can chat anywhere
and anytime of the day as they so please. (Retrieved November 9th 2012) www.google.com.
Blackberry Messenger
Blackberry
is propriety internet-based instant messenger application included on
blackberry devices that allows messaging between blackberry users. It was
developed by the manufacturer of the blackberry research in motion (RIM);
messages sent via blackberry messenger are sent over the internet and use the
blackberry pin system, so communication is only possible between blackberry
devices. (Retrieved November 10th 2012) www.mit.edu /people/mkgray/net.
Pinging
allows you to connect to friends using a ping ID, something akin to blackberry
pin but
easier to remember because you can pick it yourself. Onc friends via
email or twitter, you can send text, messages, photos, videos and voice memos.
Pretty
much anything you might want to send to a friend can be sent using pin.
Messages are in real time over the data network and pushed to the recipient.
Once a message is sent, a little S or D and a tick with an R indicating the
message has been sent and read. Ping chat also packs group messaging and social
profiles, which allows you to display a photo, status and some information
about yourself to confirm contacts and through these, one is connected to the
whole world.
Brief
History of University of Abuja
The University of Abuja is situated in the Federal Capital of Nigeria,
Abuja. It was established on January 1st
1988(under decree no 110 of 1992 as amended) as a dual-mode University with the
mandate to run conventional and distance learning program.
The
University runs regular degree, diploma and post-graduate program. Due to its
location, it covers distance learning and a consultancy service sub-degree
program and an institution to cater for professional needs of teachers and
government educational system. It is temporary located in Gwagwalada Abuja,
with its permanent site covering about 11,824 hectares under construction along
the Kaduna-Lokoja road. Its activities started in the mini-campus in 1990.
(Retrieved December 2nd 2012) www.webpod.com.
Statement of the Problem
Since
the advent of social media sites in the 1990s, it is assumed in some quarters
that the academic performance of students is facing a lot of neglect and
challenges. There is a deviation, distraction and divided attention between
social networking activities and their academic work. It is observed that
students devote more attention to social media than they do to their studies.
Therefore,
the question this study is out to answer is: how do social media affect the
academic performance of students of the University of Abuja?
The study has the
following objective. They are:
1)
To find out the various social networking sites the students had
access to.
2)
To find out how often the students of University of Abuja go online.
3)
To determine how many hours the students spend in social networking
activities daily.
4) To
ascertain how the use of social media has affected the academic performance of
the students.
Research Questions
Scope of the Study
The essence of this research work is to primarily study the Influence
of social media on the academic performance of students. The research intends
to focus on students of the University of Abuja for easy analysis of data. This
will reduce cost and avoid complexity that may arise as a result of having a
very large population. But since in most cases the characteristics of students
are generally similar, the research findings would be generalized to include
all students of Nigeria Universities.
Significance/
Justification of the Study
The study will help researchers with more information on the Influence
of social media on the student’sacademicperformance. It will be relevant in
assisting students in understanding the diversity of social media. It will
provide relevance material for students and other researchers undertaking
similar research.
The following are key
terms used in the Research Work:
1. Social
Media- They are forms of electronic communication which facilitate interactive
base on certain interests. Social media include web and mobile technology.
Kaplan and Helen (2010) defined Social Media as a group of internet based
application that allows the creation and exchange of user generated content.
2.
Social Networking Sites –A
website where people put information about them and can send to others.
3. Social
Networking –The use of internet to make information about
yourself available to other people especially people you share an
interest with to send messages to them.
4.
Media –Are all those media technologies that are intended to reach a large
audience
by mass communication. “They are messages
communi
mass medium to a
number of people”(Bittner, 19
5.
Academic –It is concerned with
Studying from books as opposed by a practical work.
6. Students
–Someone who is Studying at a University or School. Someone who is
very interested in a particular subject.
7.
Computer –A computer is a machine
that receives or stores or process data quickly according to a stored
program.
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